Stoddart, William Lee (1868-1940)
Birthplace:
New Jersey, USA
Residences:
- New York City, New York
Trades:
- Architect
Building Types:
Styles & Forms:
Beaux-Arts; Skyscraper
William Lee Stoddart (1868-1940) was a prolific architect in New York City whose multi-state practice popularized Beaux Arts style hotels in the early 20th century. His typical designs were of brick with classical cast stone detailing. His work covered many eastern states, including North Carolina, where he designed several hotels and other tall buildings that followed popular national models. In some cities, Stoddart’s buildings fit into a developing urban streetscape, while in some smaller communities, his modern hotels represented new urban progress and commercial advancement as well as a new marker in the skyline.
Born in Tenafly, New Jersey, Stoddart studied architecture at Columbia University and apprenticed to two architects in Atlanta. After leaving Atlanta, he worked for New York architect George B. Post from 1895 to 1905, when he established his own practice in New York. Although he designed several banks and corporate buildings, Stoddart is best known for his large hotels and apartment houses in the eastern United States including the Lord Baltimore Hotel in Baltimore, the Charleston Hotel in Charleston, South Carolina, and the opulent Ponce de Leon Apartments in Atlanta.
Stoddart gained commissions in North Carolina as its small cities blossomed in the 1910s and 1920s, each one generating a demand for quality hotels to attract business travelers and symbolize urban status. His projects reached from Elizabeth City in the east to Asheville in the west, and some were the tallest buildings in their communities at the time. His first known project in the state was the O. Henry Hotel (1918-1919) in Greensboro, named for O. Henry, the pen name of Greensboro’s famous native son, William Sidney Porter. Stoddart sent his employee, the young New York architect Charles C. Hartmann, to supervise the job along with his Sheraton Hotel in High Point. (After impressing local businessmen, Hartmann subsequently moved to Greensboro and established a large practice of his own.)
Stoddart’s hotels took key places in many of the state’s growing cities and towns. The Sir Walter Hotel in Raleigh, showing the architect’s typical red brick with Georgian Revival detailing, was the capital’s premier hotel and for many years was known as the “third house” of the state legislature because of legislators’ use of it during their sessions. Stoddart’s Battery Park Hotel in Asheville was built by entrepreneur E. W. Grove as part of a major redevelopment project (1923-1924); Thomas Wolfe, who was living in Asheville at the time, expressed his views on Stoddart’s design in his novel Look Homeward, Angel when he dismissed the architect as “some gigantic biscuit-cutter.” The Nissen Building in Winston-Salem, Stoddart’s only known twin-tower building in North Carolina, was one of his few non-hotel buildings in the state, an office building for a local manufacturing family. At eighteen stories, it was briefly the tallest building in the state. In smaller communities, Stoddart’s buildings were among the largest ever built there, as is the case with the 9-story Virginia Dare Hotel in Elizabeth City, still the community’s tallest building. Stoddart’s work in the state evidently ended around the Great Depression. With a few notable exceptions, his buildings still stand as downtown landmarks.
Stoddart was among the first men licensed to practice architecture in North Carolina. His license certificate, issued in 1915, was #39 in the official registration book of the North Carolina Board of Architecture.
- Catherine W. Bishir and Michael T. Southern, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Eastern North Carolina (1996).
- Catherine W. Bishir and Michael T. Southern, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Piedmont North Carolina (2003).
- Catherine W. Bishir, Michael T. Southern, and Jennifer F. Martin, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Western North Carolina (1999).
- Charlotte Vestal Brown Papers, Special Collections Research Center, North Carolina State University Libraries, Raleigh, North Carolina.
- North Carolina Board of Architecture, Record Book 1915-1992, microfilmed by North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina.
- John E. Wells and Robert E. Dalton, The Virginia Architects, 1835-1955: A Biographical Dictionary (1997).
- Henry F. Withey and Elsie Rathburn Withey, Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased) (1970).
Battery Park Hotel
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1923-1924
Location:Asheville, Buncombe CountyStreet Address:Battle Square, Asheville, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:Catherine W. Bishir, Michael T. Southern, and Jennifer F. Martin, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Western North Carolina (1999).
Bon Marche
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architectVariant Name(s):Haywood Park Hotel
Dates:1923
Location:Asheville, Buncombe CountyStreet Address:26-32 Haywood St., Asheville, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:David R. Black, Historic Architectural Resources of Downtown Asheville, North Carolina (1979).
Note:The Asheville Citizen of Jan. 21,1923, reported of the Bon Marche store, “Original Plans as prepared by W.L. Stoddardt [sic], well known architect, of New York City, called for a building seven stories high.” The owners decided to built it to five stores with potential to add later. On Nov. 15, 1923, the newspaper reported the opening of the store. The Pack Memorial Library in Asheville has plans for Bon Marche drawn by Stoddart in 1923. The illustration shows a view of Hawywood St. with the Bon Marche building on the left.
Concord National Bank and Hotel
Contributors:Hunkin-Conkey Construction Company (Cleveland), contractors; Christopher Gadsden Sayre, possible architect; William Lee Stoddart, possible architectDates:1925
Location:Concord, Cabarrus CountyStreet Address:2-14 Union St. North, Concord, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:Peter R. Kaplan, The Historic Architecture of Cabarrus County, North Carolina (2004).
Note:Construction of the dual purpose building, which cost more than $400,000 to erect, was covered in the local Concord Times of May 7, 1925 and February 8, May 31, June 10, June 14, and June 17, 1926. A design for the Concord National Bank and Hotel was also prepared by architect Christopher Gadsden Sayre, as noted in the American Art Annual, Vol. 21.
George Vanderbilt Hotel
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:Ca. 1924
Location:Asheville, Buncombe CountyStreet Address:Haywood St., Asheville, NC
Status:Altered
Type:Commercial
Note:The Pack Memorial Library in Asheville has plumbing and electrical plans by Stoddart for the Vanderbilt Hotel.
Goldsboro Hotel
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architect; Joe W. Stout, contractor; Joe W. Stout & Co., contractorsDates:1924-1926
Location:Goldsboro, Wayne CountyStreet Address:100-104 S. Center St., Goldsboro, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Hotel Charlotte
Contributors:J. A. Jones, builder; J. A. Jones Construction Company, builders; William Lee Stoddart, architectVariant Name(s):Queen Charlotte Hotel; White House Inn
Dates:1924
Location:Charlotte, Mecklenburg CountyStreet Address:327 W. Trade St., Charlotte, NC
Status:No longer standing
Type:Commercial
Independence Building
Contributors:J. A. Jones, builder (1908-1909); Frank Pierce Milburn, architect (1908-1909); Milburn, Heister, and Company, architects (1908-1909); William Lee Stoddart, architect (1927-1928); Michael Heister, architect (1908-1909)Variant Name(s):Realty Building
Dates:1908-1909; 1927-1928 [addition]
Location:Charlotte, Mecklenburg CountyStreet Address:100-102 W. Trade St., Charlotte, NC
Status:No longer standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:Mary Norton Kratt and Mary Manning Boyer, Remembering Charlotte: Postcards from a New South City, 1905-1950 (2000).
Daniel J. Vivian, “‘A Practical Architect’: Frank P. Milburn and the Transformation of Architectural Practice in the New South, 1890-1925,” Winterthur Portfolio (Spring 2005).Note:The 12-story skyscraper was the first steel-framed skyscraper in North Carolina and an icon of Charlotte’s urban ambitions. Originally known as the Realty Building, it was renamed in 1922 for the Independence Bank that occupied it. In 1928, New York architect William Lee Stoddart added two more stories. It was imploded in 1981 amid strong controversy.
Johnston Building
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1924
Location:Charlotte, Mecklenburg CountyStreet Address:212 S. Tryon St., Charlotte, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Nissen Building
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1926
Location:Winston-Salem, Forsyth CountyStreet Address:314 W. 4th St., Winston-Salem, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
O. Henry Hotel
Contributors:Charles C. Hartmann, supervising architect; William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1918-1919
Location:Greensboro, Guilford CountyStreet Address:101 Bellemeade St. at N. Elm St., Greensboro, NC
Status:No longer standing
Type:Commercial
Robert E. Lee Hotel
Contributors:William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1919; 1929
Location:Winston-Salem, Forsyth CountyStreet Address:W. 5th St., Winston-Salem, NC
Status:No longer standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:Molly Grogan Rawls, Winston-Salem in Vintage Postcards (2004).
Sheraton Hotel
Contributors:Charles C. Hartmann, supervising architect; William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1921
Location:High Point, Guilford CountyStreet Address:400 N. Main St., High Point, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:H. McKelden Smith, Architectural Resources: An Inventory of Historic Architecture, High Point, Jamestown, Gibsonville, Guilford County (1979).
Sir Walter Hotel
Contributors:Dates:1922-1924
Location:Raleigh, Wake CountyStreet Address:400 Fayetteville St., Raleigh, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:Catherine W. Bishir and Michael T. Southern, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Piedmont North Carolina (2003).
Virginia Dare Hotel and Arcade
Contributors:John E. Beaman, contractor; William Lee Stoddart, architectDates:1927
Location:Elizabeth City, Pasquotank CountyStreet Address:110 S. Morrine St. and 507 E. Main St, Elizabeth City, NC
Status:Standing
Type:Commercial
Images Published In:Catherine W. Bishir and Michael T. Southern, A Guide to the Historic Architecture of Eastern North Carolina (1996).
Note:The only skyscraper in Elizabeth City, the handsome 7-story brick building was designed by hotel architect William Lee Stoddart of New York. Local tradition cited in the Elizabeth City Historic District National Register nomination named John Beamon (sic) of Raleigh as architect, but it is likely that he was the contractor and was on site and thus was well remembered locally. (Ruth Little-Stokes, Virginia Dare Hotel and Arcade National Register of Historic Places nomination, 1976.) Thomas Butchko’s further research identified Stoddart as the architect. See Butchko, On the Shores of the Pasquotank (1989).